In the 1970s, there was a great renaissance in Scottish Theatre, with three particular plays catching the public’s imagination: “Willie Rough”, by Bill Bryden, about a young man getting a start in the Clydeside shipyards during the Great War, “The Bevellers”, by Roddy McMillan, following a apprentice’s introduction to the world of a glass blowing factory, and “The Slab Boys”, John Byrne’s epic story of life in the dye room of a Paisley carpet factory.
What these masterpieces had in common was that they showed the introduction of a newcomer into an unknown world of work: a process that inevitably portrayed the conflict which is necessary for effective drama.
Working with apprentice footballers has reminded me of those plays, and that conflict, which springs from the trauma of being introduced into a world where you are the new boy and everybody else seems to know what they are doing, where you might be ridiculed for failing to live up to expectations of which you may not even be aware.
For supporters, the route from youth player to first team squad member may be seen as a fairly smooth ride on a development escalator, but the reality for the majority of players is not that simple.
A young player signing a full time contract is making a binding commitment against a background of uncertainty and transition – a background which exists for all 16 to 21 year olds, irrespective of their trade, education, or career. He is moving from a world which has probably been safe and familiar for at least a decade – at school and at home – and with a close group of friends, to a wider, less familiar world, which is going to make many more demands on his capabilities – physical and emotional. It is also likely to be an overwhelmingly male world – with all the implications that has for emotional intelligence, open communication, and peer group pressure.
While it is clear that effective coaching on technical and tactical matters, allied to considered advice on sports science, will give a young player the best chance of developing to full potential, clubs are starting to realise that the manner in which the transition from youth player to potential first teamer is managed can make a crucial difference to the player’s future progress.
It is tempting to make assumptions about a footballer’s development, to assume that, if a player has been with a club’s Academy since the age of ten, then each year is just the next step on a familiar staircase, the next move in an obvious sequence. Sometimes even a player himself may think in this way, almost developing a sense of entitlement, as if long service brings its own, inevitable, reward.
The flaw in this view is that it fails to take into account that these adolescent males are not simply footballers; they are teenaged boys coping with all the confusion and uncertainty brought by that condition, and, on top of that, once they sign full time, they are coping with a level of continuous scrutiny – physical, technical and psychological – which would be oppressive even for the most confident of adults.
As in all walks of life, the young man’s personality will shine through, affecting how he copes with the transition from youth footballer to full time professional: confidence, or a lack of it, a willingness to learn, determination and perseverance – all these qualities come in to play alongside ability and attitude, but it is for the player to learn how to employ these traits, and for the Academy staff to identify those who are struggling to adapt to new conditions. Given an adolescent male’s propensity to operate behind a mask of bravado, this is not always an easy task.
Nobody doubts that there is a need for resilience if any youngster is to make it at elite level. There may have been a time when shouting, and even forms of bullying, would have been considered a suitable method of “toughening up” a young player: “If he can’t stand up for himself, he’s no good to me.”
However, these days there is an acknowledgment, in football and elsewhere, that young people have individual learning styles and a ‘one size fits all’ approach is unlikely to be effective. There has to be consistency, of course, but within that, a realisation that coaching and man management must take account of the individual.
Too high a percentage of youngsters who are not offered a first or extended full time contract, drift away from football, or sometimes, from sport altogether, despite having undoubted talent, fitness and ability – which may well be applicable in other sporting settings.
An initial disappointment at hearing you are not to be “kept on” is totally understandable, but when that disappointment colours decisions which will affect the rest of a player’s life, there has to be a concern that the Academy or football club has not been doing its job properly.
Like it or not, any organisation which has responsibility for young people between the ages of 16-21 has a duty of care. These youngsters are making crucial decisions at a time in their development which is challenging in any case, irrespective of football, education or career. We know that the part of the brain which works out consequences is not yet fully developed in males under the age of 25. If we are to challenge them, we must be prepared to support them through their choices.
Supporters can be critical. There is as likely to be criticism of playing too many youth players in the first team as there is for not playing enough. But perhaps we should be more aware of the reasons why so many young players seem to flourish and then fade. When a player is not fit enough to play for a full ninety minutes, eyes naturally turn towards the club’s strength and conditioning regime, but if a player’s temperament lets him down, then perhaps we should be looking at those in the Academy and youth set up tasked with preparing him for the transition to senior squad.
If you are a parent or teacher, you want your child or pupil to learn for themselves, but also to be aware that they have support. You won’t carry them across the stream, but you will encourage them to make the leap, knowing you are there to help them should they slip or fall. Of course, it remains important that the leap is made and that challenges are overcome.
Dr Áine McNamara of Dublin City University has spoken widely on what she calls “The Rocky Road”. Her research shows that players who have to overcome challenges on their way through the system invariably fare better than those for whom the process is calm and untroubled. The strength they find to overcome obstacles serves them well in the acquisition of resilience and the sustaining of their careers. If we accept this, then the corollary is that we need to ensure supports are in place when the going gets tough – at times like transition. We need to set the bar high and make the tasks challenging, but we also need the reassurance of a safety net. Testing to destruction is not a good model for a sports academy!
We need to ask ourselves how we equip young players for transition – from child to youth academy, from youth to professional development squad, and from there to first team duties, or a transfer elsewhere, or even out of football. How have we equipped them for their next steps?
The Life Skills education that a youngster gets at school or college post 16 needs to be available – in making choices, personal planning, financial affairs, managing change, emotional intelligence, organisation. These things are not distractions from the main focus of footballing success, they are the bricks that build a solid foundation of continuing learning upon which a young man can be receptive to coaching, thoughtful about his career, and self aware enough to make the decisions which are right for him. To progress, a developing footballer needs the confidence which comes from self knowledge, rather than the bravado which comes from fear of the unknown.
I am fond of quoting football writer, Hunter Davies, who suggested we tend to hot house football talent exclusively from the age of 12, and then are surprised when we end up with a gifted 22 year old player with the emotional intelligence of a 12 year old.
Similarly, West Indian writer, CLR James wisely stated: “what do they know of cricket who only cricket know?” A developing footballer will flourish when he has a perspective on football and its place in life, when it is one of his talents and possibilities, not the whole of his existence. How many players’ lives have we seen implode because they only felt in control when they were on the pitch, and were unable to deal with “real life”? And should we not care about the mental wellbeing of those we admire for their talent? After all, they are human beings, not ciphers in a computerised football game.
A young footballer signed to a club – at whatever level – is being afforded an opportunity, a chance to follow his dream and achieve his ambition. To be successful he will need the tools, as a player, but also as a young person, to take full advantage of his situation.
Is it not the club’s responsibility to equip him equally in both these areas?


